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Software Engineering Ethics
Case · No. 01
Principle 1.2 — Avoid Harm

The Boeing
737 MAX Disaster

AoA SENSOR

An in-depth analysis of how a single line of flawed software logic — and a culture that silenced its critics — cost hundreds of lives and reshaped commercial aviation forever.

346
Lives Lost
Lion Air Flight 610 (Oct 2018) and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 (Mar 2019). Both crashes traced to the same MCAS software failure.
i. The Problem

The MCAS software relied on data from a single Angle of Attack sensor — a textbook single point of failure. When the sensor malfunctioned, the system repeatedly forced the aircraft's nose down, overriding pilot commands until catastrophic loss of control.

ii.
Ethical
Violations
  • Ignored redundancy best practices
  • Inadequate emergent-system testing
  • Marginalized engineer concerns
  • Hidden from pilot training
iii.
Proposed
Solutions
  • Dual-sensor agreement logic
  • Transparent training & overrides
  • Protected whistleblower channels
  • Independent regulator review
iv. The Aftermath

Boeing was forced to rewrite MCAS to require dual-sensor agreement, mandate full simulator training, and faced criminal charges for defrauding the FAA — culminating in the longest grounding of any commercial aircraft in aviation history.

20+ Months Grounded
$2.5B In Penalties
2 Aircraft Lost